Reading is often portrayed as an individual cognitive act, but learning to read is profoundly social. Children learn to read best when they do so through “dialogic reading” with a parent who asks questions to stimulate the child’s thinking. As for adults, the entire purpose of a university is to provide social scaffolding for reading and learning; otherwise, universities would be replaced by bookshelves. For both children and adults, social scaffolding is especially important for second language learners, who face additional linguistic challenges in comprehending texts. This presentation explores new digital tools for promoting social reading across the lifespan, through both natural language processing and facilitating human interaction. First, it discusses whether and how conversational agents, such as Siri or Google Assistant, can provide opportunities for social interaction that contribute to young children’s language and literacy development. The presentation then turns to digitally-supported human interaction among adult readers through the use of social annotation software. Annotation has long been known as a way to support reflective reading, but recently available social e-reading tools, such as Perusall and Hypthoses.is, now allow a whole class of students to collectively annotate the same document. Research on the impact of social annotation on learning processes and outcomes will be synthesized, including implications for use of these tools in English language teaching.
Mark Warschauer is Professor of Education at the University of California, Irvine, where he directs the Digital Learning Lab. Professor Warschauer has made foundational contributions to language learning through his pioneering research on computer-mediated communication, online learning, technology and literacy, laptop classrooms, the digital divide, automated writing evaluation, visual-syntactic text formatting, and, most recently, conversational agents for learning. His dozen books and more than 200 papers have been cited more than 40,000 times, making him one of the most influential researchers in the world in the area of digital learning. He is a fellow of the American Educational Research Association and a member of the National Academy of Education.